廣泛性焦慮疾患的病因機制

!J4Fj9o.u+^0東吳大學博碩士論文 etd-0130108-095541 詳細資訊
R
M[B(`%Mc GS0姓名 王淳慧 (Chun-hui Wang) 学空间i^,Cn-b+@ q
系所名稱 心理學系 (Department of )
B.k3d9zY|0學位 碩士 (Master) 學年度／學期 96 學年度第 1 學期内蒙古心理网mp }4N#])Q
論文名稱 廣泛性焦慮疾患的病因機制：「無法忍受不確定性」、「對擔心的負向信念」與「廣泛性焦慮疾患」間關係的探討内蒙古心理网3Zg'Oyt{
論文名稱(英) The Pathological Mechanism of Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The Exploration of Relations among ‘Intolerance of Uncertainty’, ‘Negative Beliefs about Worry’, and ‘Generalized Anxiety Disorder’
d?P)j9eR`z9Us0論文名稱(其他) none内蒙古心理网5S*EB3V/C1Gc Y9@,H
檔案
3f%y*Kv Bt0
c[rgo7O0本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。

~&hw I,h1l9Q4[&r0請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。内蒙古心理网E b9\|9b?.a`%J
學位論文之引用及撰寫，應尊重智慧財產權，不得有抄襲之情事。内蒙古心理网8h};b0@;BWS
論文使用權限 同意立即公開
h:c K.qj j~Mq0語文別／頁數 中文 ／ 60 頁
z*P7g~D-I/h0統計 本論文已被瀏覽 795 次，被下載 149 次内蒙古心理网f A e8O\3Y}
關鍵字(中) 病因 對擔心的負向信念 無法忍受不確定性 廣泛性焦慮疾患 擔心内蒙古心理网x:lj\]~
關鍵字(英)内蒙古心理网C:j)Y%qLNg
etiology内蒙古心理网U)B6]a
~7B:J
negative believe about worry
P3p2yX5q'H0intolerance of uncertainty内蒙古心理网2r`b2j7YJ:A.[
GAD内蒙古心理网0L_G+V&M#J&?
worry内蒙古心理网T_,u.l ~3r
摘要(中) 研究目的： Dugas等人所提出的廣泛性焦慮疾患（GAD）之成因理論及實證研究都支持「無法認受不確定性」會導致GAD。但此理論仍有兩個問題有待釐清：第一、過去相關研究都是以賓州憂慮問卷（PSWQ）來測量GAD，而PSWQ只能測得「過多或過度擔心」，並不能等同於GAD。第二、Dugas並未探討「無法認受不確定性」導致GAD的機制。因此，本研究目的有二：第一、以測量GAD的廣泛焦慮疾患問卷（GADQ-IV）取代PSWQ，以檢驗「無法忍受不確定性」是否可顯著預測「類GAD」。第二，探討「對擔心的負向的信念」是否為「無法忍受不確定性」到GAD的中介必須變項，以確認「無法忍受不確定性」至GAD的機制。内蒙古心理网P;T\8[!y/{f7O8}
研究方法：本研究採橫斷式研究，以「無法忍受不確定性」量表、監控認知問卷及廣泛焦慮疾患問卷收集資料，研究對象為大學生，有效樣本共333位，資料分析方法以簡單線性及階層式多元回歸分析為主。内蒙古心理网|z'V2IA5p
結果與討論：（1）「無法忍受不確定性」可顯著預測GAD。（2）「對擔心的負向信念」在「無法忍受不確定性」到GAD的歷程中的確扮演著中介必須變項角色，且以「無法控制的負向思考」為「對擔心的負向信念」中最具關鍵性的因素。内蒙古心理网)v+q5Q&rw/I
貢獻：此結果除了釐清GAD的病因機制外，有助於GAD之預防、治療的衡鑑及治療方式。也就是更著重於GAD的「無法忍受不確定性」及「對擔心的負向信念」之衡鑑及處遇。内蒙古心理网 ^(c Qn c"u$B
摘要(英) Purpose: The GAD etiology proposed by Dugas and the research result had confirmed that the “intolerance of uncertainty” (IU) is a cause of GAD. There are, however, two remaining issues required to clarify. First, all previous studies used PSWQ to measure the level of worry, but PSWQ was intended to measure “excessive worry”, not GAD itself. Second, the mechanism from IU to GAD is still waited to be explored. There are two purposes of this research. First, to measure GAD by GADQ-IV, which concept fit GAD better, instead of PSWQ and to test if “analogous GAD” significantly predicted by IU. Second, to investigate if “negative believe about worry” (NBW) is the mediator between IU and GAD, thus confirms the mechanism from IU to GAD.内蒙古心理网,V MQB0T:a7Q1IJZ
Methodology: Three hundred and thirty-three College students were recruited to fill out Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, Meta-cognitions Questionnaire, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire. Simple regression and stepwise multiple regression were used to analyze data in accordance to Baron and Kenny’s mediator formula.内蒙古心理网0B}`/[L[
Conclusion and discussion: (1) IU can be used to predict GAD significantly. (2) NBW plays a mediator between IU and GAD. The most important factor of NBW is “uncontrollable negative thought”.内蒙古心理网-h*V"~1f/vn6lh9B5O_)gH
論文目次 摘要
)@ V/?QX7n3xmL0第一章 緒論 …………………………………………………………… 1
6s N]n3F7e0第一節 研究動機與目的 …………………………………………… 1内蒙古心理网q?l8qa,ir
第二節 解釋名詞 …………………………………………………… 4内蒙古心理网Qj9iE`)j#z0dz
第二章 文獻探討 ……………………………………………………… 6内蒙古心理网9dd+l|/N
第一節 GAD特殊性及構成要素……………………………………… 6
K%K_ls:E3H0第二節 「無法忍受不確定性」與GAD的關係……………………… 9内蒙古心理网_,Vu'G%tq*B6x.Z `'W
第三節 GAD病因機制的中介必須變項：「對擔心的負向信念」… 17内蒙古心理网bSy0m+bA
f@[
第三章 研究目的與假設 ……………………………………………… 23内蒙古心理网,b/|2M%prO;MH
第四章 研究方法 ……………………………………………………… 24
j V!am7z%l0第一節 研究對象…………………………………………………… 24内蒙古心理网egOOF"j[/j ~+H
第二節 研究工具…………………………………………………… 26
[&xf7VkE0第三節 研究設計及程序…………………………………………… 32
-v3O7`P OG$FDf0第四節 資料分析方法……………………………………………… 32内蒙古心理网#OjE9L2t)wbrDk
第五章 研究結果……………………………………………………… 34内蒙古心理网8Y0ejt+q;g e
第一節 研究之描述統計結果……………………………………… 34
{1J V#OHIPIz0第二節 研究之推論統計結果……………………………………… 37内蒙古心理网k$mP
gcZot*}
第六章 討論與建議…………………………………………………… 40
WMw QfS1w:rc0第一節 討論………………………………………………………… 40
W"K)`*n"{s Mpd+bx0第二節 研究限制及未來發展……………………………………… 45
#sM-]2_5N {M2`0第三節 結論………………………………………………………… 46内蒙古心理网$P3UlQf(H&XT9x
參考文獻……………………………………………………………… 47
C]~yLAOn^SHm0附錄一 廣泛焦慮疾患問卷…………………………………………… 57
0s5s;T vr0KuD0附錄二 「無法忍受不確定性」量表………………………………… 58
!oH7QW&SOt0附錄三 監控認知問卷………………………………………………… 59
8m cA;@5ERa~o0圖目錄内蒙古心理网"Kv p~[9p&Jp"J
圖一 研究架構圖 ……………………………………………………… 3
\%m+B^.TgN0圖二 研究程序圖……………………………………………………… 32
;L }6J@)to c[0表目錄内蒙古心理网`C}vk`lf"?
表4-1-1 性別及系別分佈表………………………………………… 25
bK}&s+}%m2Md0表4-2-1 「對擔心的負向信念」因素分析表……………………… 29内蒙古心理网?)Tu$Su3h
表5-1-1 各變項平均數及標準差摘要……………………………… 35
2FC7f_/n9U0表5-1-2 各變項間相關之相關矩陣………………………………… 36
P;Pu#NJ @&V fz ]0表5-2-1 驗證「對擔心的負向信念」是否為中介必須變項之迴歸分析表……… 39内蒙古心理网pe(c
W#^CJ)f
表5-2-2 驗證「無法控制的負向思考」是否為中介必須變項之迴歸分析表…… 39内蒙古心理网]!T|3aRNuQ }
參考文獻 中文部份：内蒙古心理网n"R*\ah
洪國翔、馮煥光（民90）。成年人廣泛性焦慮症之診斷與治療。臨床醫學，47(1)，頁44-49。
c y:P {Ou)M*?k:_0鄧閔弘、翁嘉英、李毅達（民92）。憂慮的正向預期與憂慮程度之間的關係。中華心理衛生學刊，十六卷，第三期，頁61-78。内蒙古心理网G LZ4@/VC
英文部分：内蒙古心理网:{0XGwz q2aAhX.F
American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.内蒙古心理网m!?*i}"e4MkE4o
American Psychiatric Association (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (Rev. 3rd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
sL3I8|$\"M(dd!S8Oe0American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
JMX5Wh8d-?*D&h4h;c~0Andre, H., Beurskens, H. M , Kant, I. J., Davey, G. C. L., Field, A. P., & Schayck, C. P. (2004). The relation between pathological worrying and fatigue in a working population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57, 399-407.内蒙古心理网.v#i5w1DT9q`6|0V
Barlow, D. H. (2002). The origins of anxious apprehension, anxiety disorders, and related emotional disorders. In D. H. Barlow (Eds.), Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.内蒙古心理网;K0l!m'g@x$mH.a
Barlow, D. H., & Durand, V. M. (2005). Anxiety disorders. In D. H. Barlow & V. M. Durand (Eds.), Abnormal Psychology, an Integrated Approach (pp. 127-130). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsowth.内蒙古心理网NP7BVW@]
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.内蒙古心理网.g&p+M2[kiO*[[
Becker, E. S., Goodwin, R., Holting, C., Hoyer, J., & Margraf, J. (2003). Content of worry in the community: What do people with generalized anxiety disorder or other disorders worry about?. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 191, 688-691.内蒙古心理网+o&~6plVf
Becker, E. S., Rinck, M., Roth, W. T, Margraf, J. (1998). Don't worry and beware of white bears: thought suppression in anxiety patients. Anxiety Disorders, 12, 39–55.
"`$?\as%L8n9_n0Behara, E., Alcaineb, O., Zuellig, A. R., & Borkovec, T. D. (2003). Screening for generalized anxiety disorder using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire: A receiver operating characteristic analysis. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 34, 25-43.内蒙古心理网f-sSt)_H&S
Belanger, L., Morin, C. M, Langlois, F., & Ladouceur, R. (2004). Insomnia and generalized anxiety disorder: Effects of cognitive behavior therapy for gad on insomnia symptoms. Anxiety Disorders, 18, 561-571.
8NP`fN0Y9`l2m0Boehnke, K., Schwartz, S., Stromberg, C., & Sagiv, L. (1998). The structure and dynamics of worry: Theory, measurement, and cross-national replications. Journal of Personality, 66, 745-782.内蒙古心理网RF5r3b(w7z
Borkovec, T.D. (1994). The nature, functions and origins of worry. In. G. C. L Davey & F. Tallis (Eds.), Worrying: Perspectives in theory, assessment and treatment (pp. 5-34). Chichester, UK: wiley.内蒙古心理网aGl1c7N/~6}M
Borkovec, T. D., Alcaine, O., & Behar, E. (2004). Avoidance theory of worry and generalized anxiety disorder. In R. G. Heimberg, C. L. Turk, & D. S. Mennin (Eds.), Generalized anxiety disorder: Advances in research and practice. New York: Guilford Pre.
yTik6TNnZ0Borkovec, T. D., Ray, W. J., & Stober, J. (1998). Worry: a cognitive phenomenon intimately linked to affective, physiological, and interpersonal behavioral processes. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 22, 561-576.
!g^ _X9dD)Uv)U0Borkovec, T. D., Robinson, E., Pruzinsky, T., & DePree, J. A. (1983). Preliminary exploration of worry: Some characteristics and processes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 21, 9-16.内蒙古心理网;w%y:~.Uq` ^
Borkovec, T. D., & Roemer, L. (1995). Perceived functions of worry among generalised anxiety subjects: Distraction from more emotionally distressing topics?. Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 26, 25-30.内蒙古心理网8?I.rcR/J~(F
Bourland, S. L., Stanley, M. A., Snyder, A. G., Novy, D. M., Beck, J. G., Averill, P. M., et al, (2000). Quality of life in older adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Aging and Mental Health, 4, 315-23.
$w'Y2|9Wi?d\0Brown, T. A., O'Leary, T. A., & Barlow, D. H. (2001). Generalized Anxiety Disorder. In D. H. Barlow. (Eds.), Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders, Third Edition: A Step-by-Step Treatment Manual. New York: Guilford Press.内蒙古心理网
a1Pr*A }p1t
Bruin, G. O., Rassin, E., Muris, P. (2007). The prediction of worry in non-clinical individuals: the role of intolerance of uncertainty, meta-worry, and neuroticism. J. Psychopathol Behav Assess, 29, 93-100.
3q9\9TU3k+BkKi0Buhr, K., & Dugas, M. J. (2006). Investigating the construct validity of intolerance of uncertainty and its unique relationship with worry. Anxiety Disorders, 20, 222-236.
!w{'H;N Phk0Cartwright-Hatton, S., Mather, A., Illingworth, V., Brocki, J., Harrington, R., & Wells, A. (2004). Development and preliminary validation of the Meta-cognitions Questionnaire-Adolescent Version. Anxiety Disorders, 18, 411-422.
.`9r|Crr \0Cartwright-Hatton, S., & Wells, A. (1997). Beliefs about worry and intrusions: The Metacognitions Questionnaire. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 11, 279-315.
B
E^ Q]7]Q
o0Chelminski, I., & Zimmerman, M. (2003). Pathological worry in depressed and anxious patients. Anxiety Disorders, 17, 533-546.
2RqU(Tc2Qn$[0Constans, J. I. (2001). Worry propensity and the perception of risk. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 721-729.内蒙古心理网 t(?`i'JnCq/_^bI
Davey, C. L. (1994). Pathological worrying as exacerbated problem solving. In: C. L. Davey & F. Tallis (Eds.), Worrying: Perspectives on Theory, Assessment and Treatment. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
Gco5TL{ oD#c"\S0Davey, C. L., Startup, H. M., MacDonald, C. B., Jenkins, D., & Patterson, K. (2005). The use of "as many as can" versus "feel like continuing" stop rules during worrying. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 155-169.内蒙古心理网 V2d3Mf.|+UB
Davey, C. L., Tallis, F., & Capuzzo, N. (1996). Beliefs about the consequences of worrying. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 20, 499-520.内蒙古心理网G2~3|G-M!`"lkwwq2_
Davis, R. N., & Valentiner, D. P. (2000). Does meta-cognitive theory enhance our understanding of pathological worry and anxiety?. Personality and Individual Differences, 29, 513-526.
j+x1x.QM2T-M[8G |0Diefenbach, G. J., Stanley, M. A., & Beck, J. G. (2001). Worry content reported by older adults with and without generalized anxiety disorder. Aging and Mental Health, 5, 269-274.内蒙古心理网4Tf*J*DxX.P&Q
Dugas, M. J., Buhr, K., & Ladouceur, R. (2004). The role of intolerance of uncertainty in etiology and maintenance. In R. G. Heimberg, C. L. Turk, & D. S. Mennin (Eds.), Generalized anxiety disorder: advances in research and practice. New York: Guilford Press.内蒙古心理网2j4z/hf)\vG4~[u
Dugas, M. J., Gosselin, P., & Ladouceur, R. (2001). Intolerance of uncertainty and worry: Investigating specificity in a nonclinical Sample. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25, 551-558.
%K~.]8i@0Dugas, M. J., Gagnon, F., Ladouceur, R., & Freeston, M. H. (1998). Generalized anxiety disorder: A preliminary test a conceptual model. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 215-226.
A
S%rYN@7zl0Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., & Ladouceur, R. (1997). Intolerance of uncertainty and problem orientation in worry. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 21, 593-606.内蒙古心理网;huLPf*QlgJ@(q
Dugas, M. J., Hedayati, M., Karavidas, A, Buhr, K., Francis, K., & Phillips, N. A. (2005). Intolerance of uncertainty and information processing: evidence of biased recall and interpretations. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 57-70.
.Cb'AHPnX8r'~0Dugas, M. J., & Ladouceur, R. (2000). Treatment of GAD: Targeting intolerance of uncertainty in two types of worry. Behaviour Modification, 24, 635-657.
n4i!L1EniM/u6d0Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., & Freeston, M. H. (2003). Group cognitive behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 821-825.
%]CH!F+MT R@0Dugas, M. J., Marchand, A., & Ladouceur, R. (2005). Further validation of a cognitive-behavioral model of generalized anxiety disorder: Diagnostic and symptom specificity. Anxiety Disorders, 19, 329-343.
$R}"K%dlB0Dugas, M. J., & Robichaud, M. (2007). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. New York : Routledge.
muV }c
fZ0Dugas, M. J., Savard, P., Gaudet, A., Turcotte, J., Laugesen, N, Robichaud, M., et. al. (2007). Can the components of a cognitive model predict the severity of Generalized Anxiety Disorder?. Behavior Therapy, 38, 169-178.内蒙古心理网jB
H4w-`)Q6R
Dugas, M. J., Schwartz, A., & Francis, K. (2004). Intolerance of uncertainty, worry, and depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 28, 835-842.
T#EI"_.?.p0Dupuy, J. B., Beaudoin, S., Rheaume, J., Ladouceur, R., & Dugas, M. J. (2001). Worry: Daily self-report in clinical and non-clinical Populations. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 1249-1255.
Wq`\r6mv0Eng, W., & Heimberg, R. G. (2006). Interpersonal correlates of Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Self versus other perception. Anxiety Disorders, 20, 380-387.
D$X"c x;FoX1fs(]0Fresco, D. M., Mennin, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & Turk, C. L. (2003). Using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire to identify individuals with generalized anxiety disorder: A receiver operating characteristic analysis. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 34, 285-293.
C,\1W$c&F9o0Freeston, M., Rheaume, J., Letarte, H., Dugas, M. J., & Ladouceur, R. (1994). Why do people worry?. Personality and Individual Differences, 17, 791-802.
)t7V!wokW0Gladstone, G., & Parker, G. (2003). What's the use of worrying? Its function and its dysfunction. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 37, 347-354.内蒙古心理网LIG
v/x fG
Gorwood, P. (2004). Generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder comorbidity: an example of genetic pleiotropy? European Psychiatry, 19, 27-33. Abstract obtained from Acta Psychiatr Scand, 393, 1998, (Suppl):6-11.
+|M b9^S]%i0Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Craske, M. G. (2003). The catastrophizing worry process in generalized anxiety disorder: A preliminary investigation of an analog population. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 31, 387-401.
[!h'i9WW|2l0[7V0Harvey, A. G. (2003). Beliefs about the utility of presleep worry: an investigation of individuals with insomnia and good sleepers. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 403-414.内蒙古心理网
D5P8oi$A\5p
Harvey, A. G. & Greenall, E. (2003). Catastrophic worry in primary insomnia. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry , 34, 11-23.内蒙古心理网#\{6S GP
Holaway, R. M., Rodebaugh, T. L., & Heimberg, R. G. (2006). The epidemiology of worry and generalized anxiety disorder. In G. C. L. Davey and A. Wells (Eds.), Worry and Its Psychological Disorders: Theory, Assessment and Treatment. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hv c+dra:P0Hoyer, J., Becker, E. S., & Roth, W. T. (2001). Characteristics of worry in GAD patients, Social Phobics and Controls. Depression and anxiety, 13, 89-96.
Q|+mTw4PDI0T;z0Hunta, S., Wisockia, P., & Yanko, J. (2003). Worry and use of coping strategies among older and younger adults. Anxiety Disorders, 17, 547-560.内蒙古心理网1fi1j
l7?I-q"ox
Kelly, W. E. (2002). Some evidence for nonpathological and pathological worry as separate constructs: An investigation of worry and boredom. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 345-354.内蒙古心理网.WGK%F2_6K,RiP
Koerner, N., & Dugas, M. J. (2006). A cognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder: the role of intolerance of uncertainty. In G. C. L. Davey & A. Wells (Eds.), Worry and Its Psychological disorders: theory, assessment and treatment. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.内蒙古心理网]Q@j)W+E
Koerner, N., Hedayati, M., & Dugas, M. J. (2004, September). Intolerance of uncertainty and processing of ambiguous and emotionally-evocative pictures. European Association of Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies, 7-11,Manchester, UK.
QmP |i0Y6D0Ladouceur, R., Gosselin, P., & Dugas, M. J. (2000). Experimental manipulation of intolerance of uncertainty: a study of a theoretical model of worry. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 933-941.内蒙古心理网
[1VZNA-R4PM
Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Dugas, M. J., & Freeston, M. H. (2004). Cognitive behavioral treatment of generalized anxiety disorder for older adults. International Psychogeriatrics , 16, 195-207.
*V yu;wkCPe0Laguna, L. B., Ham, L. S., Hope, D. A., & Bell, C. (2004). Chronic worry as avoidance of arousal. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 28, 269-281.
)|t.WY#}h*JwMo0Laugesen, N., Dugas, M. J., & Bukowski, W. M. (2003). Understanding adolescent worry: the application of a cognitive model. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 31, 55-64.内蒙古心理网Pn-v hr$G~
Macleod, C., & Rutherford, E. (2004). Information-processing approaches: Assessing the selective functioning. of attention, interpretation, and retrieval. In R. G. Heimberg, C. L. Turk, & D. S. Mennin (Eds.), Generalized anxiety disorder: Advances in research and practice. New York: Guilford Press.内蒙古心理网T)X0sj:b
Mathews, A. (1990). Why worry? The cognitive function of anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28, 455-468.内蒙古心理网 f#{3EyPF Y
Mathews, A, & Macleod, C. (1994). Cognitive approached to emotion and emotion disorders. Annual Review of Psychology, 45, 25-50.内蒙古心理网$hX6Ot#Yn Ds
Mathews, A., & Milroy, R. (1994). Effects of priming and suppression of worry. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 843–850.
6gl,g(n{j8Z;UL8G0Mennin, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & Turk, C. L. (2004). Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Features. In R. G. Heimberg, C. L. Turk, & D. S. Mennin (Eds.), Generalized anxiety disorder: Advances in research and practice. New York: Guilford Press.
a(J7v4f;js]y0Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28, 487-495.内蒙古心理网7oHlV De(h!?,S
Mineka, S. (2002). The positive and nagtive consequences of worry in the aetiology of generalized anxiety disorder: A learning theory perspective. In J. Yiend (Ed.), Cognition, Emotion and Psychopathology: Theoretical, empirical and clinical directions. Cambridge, UK.
e4`8C6FY"C9bJ {5|0Newman, M. G., Zuellig, A. R., Kachin, K. E., Constantino, M. J., Przeworski, A., Erickson, T., et al. (2002). Preliminary reliability and validity of The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-IV: A revised self-report diagnostic measure of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 33, 215-233.内蒙古心理网I`n0u Yv"C
Norton, P. J., Sexton, K. A., Walker, J. R., & Norton, G. R. (2005). Hierarchical model of vulnerabilities for anxiety: Replication and extension with a clinical sample. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 34, 50-63.
FG0b#IA9u9\w0Nuevo, R., Montorio, I., & Borkovec, T. D. (2004). A test of the role of meta-worry in the prediction of worry severity in an elderly sample. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 35, 209-218.
ln N2MC@RVq0Nutt, D., Argyropoulos, S., Hood, S., & Potokar J. (2006).Generalized anxiety disorder: A comorbid disease. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 16, 109-118. Abstract obtained from Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 51, 1994, 355-364.内蒙古心理网 e?;t@L&F~{g
Papageorgiou1, C., & Wells, A. (1999). Process and meta-cognitive dimensions of depressive and anxious thoughts and relationships with emotional intensity. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 6, 156-162.
4S!]$X@C$`4AnK0Pruzinsky , T., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Cognitive and personality characteristics of worriers. Behaviour Research Therapy, 28, 507-512.
sj3~ R&]0Q|Y I)_0Purdon, C., & Harrington, J. (2006). Worry in psychopathology. In G. C. L. Davey and A. Wells (Eds.), Worry and Its Psychological Disorders: Theory, Assessment and Treatment. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ko*K-oVh0Rassin, E., Muris, P. (2005). Indecisiveness and the interpretation of ambiguous situations. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 1285-1291.
/DCS~4e9cw @.I0Riskind, J. H. (2005). Cognitive mechanisms in generalized anxiety disorder: A second generation of theoretical perspectives. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 1-5.
nf`"SVh4[0Riskind, J. H., & Williams, N. L. (2005). The looming cognitive style and generalized anxiety disorder: Distinctive danger schemas and cognitive phenomenology. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 7-27.
Y*v"h
Ia*}0Roberts, N. M., Gervais, N. J., & Dugas, M. J. (2006, June). Intolerance of Uncertainty in Analogue Generalized Anxierty Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Replication and Extension. Poster presented at the 67th Annual Convention of the Canadian Psychological Association, Calgary, AB.
e ] c2W3XA0Robichaud, M., Dugas, M. J., & Conway, M. (2003). Gender differences in worry and associated cognitive-behavioral variables. Anxiety Disorders, 17, 501-516.
r
xFB1_'S#D0~eW3U0Roemer, L., Borkovec, M., Posa, S., & Borkovec, T. D. (1995). A self-report diagnostic measure of generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 26, 345-350.内蒙古心理网"o_2Y x"_
Roemer, L., Molina, S., & Borkovec, T. D. (1997). An investigation of worry content among generally anxious individuals. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 185, 314-319.内蒙古心理网#?@
B-\OOY
Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Barlow, D.H. (2002). Generalized anxiety disorder. In D. H. Barlow (Ed.). Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic. New York: Guilford Press.
%dz'kW[8J7PY0Roemer, L., Salters, K., Raffa, S. D., & Orsillo, S. M. (2005). Fear and avoidance of internal experiences in GAD: Preliminary tests of a conceptual model. Behaviour Therapy and Research, 29, 71-88.
CdYQA0Ruscio, A. M. (2002). Delimiting the boundaries of generalized anxiety disorder: Differentiating high worriers with and without GAD. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 16, 377-400.内蒙古心理网j[ V;~G(u2\
Ruscio, A. M., & Borkovec, T. D. (2004). Experience and appraisal of worry among high worriers with and without generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 1469-1482.内蒙古心理网6M4[Yy[p7N
Ruscio, A. M., Borkovec, T. D., & Ruscio, J. (2001). A taxometric investigation of the latent structure of worry. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 413-422.
@{Kvu"hsT0Sexton, K. A., Norton, P. J., Walker, J. R., & Norton, G. R. (2003). Hierarchical model of generalized and specific vulnerabilities in anxiety. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 32, 82-94.内蒙古心理网H ]!hmF8n
Starcevic, V. (1995). Pathological worry in major depression: A preliminary report. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 55-56.
B9]!^v+`ilb0Stein, M. B., & Heimberg, R. G. (2004). Well-being and life-satisfaction in generalized anxiety disorder: Comparison to major depressive disorder in a community sample. Journal of Affective Disorders, 79, 161-167.
/q;U{P[.X8T7?r0Stober, J. (1999). Somatic symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder from the DSM-IV: Associations with pathological worry and depression symptoms in a nonclinical sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13, 491-503.内蒙古心理网uJ*up{ w!T,FbT
Stober, J., & Borkovec, T. D. (2002). Reduced concreteness of worry in generalized anxiety disorder: Findings from a therapy study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26, 89-96.
!mKw1S8B1b f0Tallis, F., Davey, C. L., & Capuzzo, N. (1994). The phenomenology of non-pathological worry: A preliminary investigation. In: G. C. L. Davey & F. Tallis (Eds.), Worrying: Perspectives on Theory, Assessment and Treatment. Chichester, UK: Wiley.内蒙古心理网(t*Z i*p:_YK9L$}3f
Wells, A. (1999). A cognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior modification, 23, 526-555.内蒙古心理网-UzG R5_1isoX?
Wells, A. (2004). A cognitive model of GAD: Meta-cognations and pathological worry. In R. G. Heimberg, C. L. Turk, & D. S. Mennin (Eds.), Generalized anxiety disorder: Advances in research and practice. New York: Guilford Press.
7n s)E2m OZ9q%Sf0Wells, A. (2005). The metacognitive model of GAD: Assessment of meta-worry and relationship with DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 107-121.内蒙古心理网x:t9k] E!jwU-i
Wells, A. (2006). The meta-cognitive model of worry and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. In G. C. L. Davey and A. Wells (Eds.), Worry and Its Psychological Disorders: Theory, Assessment and Treatment. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vh2zm:s0Wells, A. (2007). Cognition about cognition: metacognitive therapy and change in Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Social Phobia. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 14, 18-25.内蒙古心理网O Ak:AEdu/?T
Wells, A., & Carter, K. (1999). Preliminary tests of a cognitive model of generalised anxiety Disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 585-594.
g\A:[u8U"K0Wells, A., & Carter, K. (2001). Further tests of a cognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder: Metacognitions and worry in GAD, panic disorder, social phobia, depression, and non-patients. Behavior Therapy, 32, 85-102.内蒙古心理网:\$r`TE+{AB
Wells, A., & Cartwright-Hatton, S. (2004). A short form of the metacognitions questionnaire: properties of the MCQ-30. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 385-396.内蒙古心理网8Pzz#^']'v
Wells, A., & Davies,M. (1994). The Thought ControlQuestionnaire: Ameasure of individual differences in the control of unwanted thoughts. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 871–878.内蒙古心理网~)Qg-b` BR
Wells, A., & Papageorgiou, C. (1999). Relationships between worry, obsessive-compulsive symptoms and meta-cognitive beliefs. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 899-913.
!Cc]:fbiP0Wetherell, J. L., Le Roux, H., & Gatz, M. (2003). DSM-IV Criteria for generalized anxiety disorder in older adults: Distinguishing the worried from the well. Psychology and Aging, 18, 622-627.内蒙古心理网'K&E?k(sH\.V
w
Wetherella, J. L., Thorp, S. R., Patterson, T. L., Golshana, S., Jeste, D. V., & Gatzb, M. (2004). Quality of life in geriatric generalized anxiety disorder: A preliminary investigation. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 38, 305-312.内蒙古心理网/erT'GWH&m} w`
指導教授/口試委員 * 依職稱與姓名排序
I$TTih#|x,K0張本聖 - 指導教授内蒙古心理网o?]9Utt'WZ R`
王叢桂 - 口試委員内蒙古心理网@4c*P*jF(|Q
楊建銘 - 口試委員
:{r#Up-Q!J$H*@0繳交日期 2008-01-30内蒙古心理网9Q ym9Q3jvij