In previous papers ( 1957) I have had occasion, in talking of the psychotic part of the personality, to speak of the destructive attacks which the patient makes on anything which is felt to have the function of linking one object with another. It is my intention in this paper to show the significance of this form of destructive attack in the production of some symptoms met with in borderline psychosis.
在之前的论文中，在谈到中的性部分的时候，我有机会谈及病人对任何具有将一个客体与另一个联结的功能的东西的攻击。在这篇论文中，我想要表明，这种类型的破坏性的攻击在与边缘型精神病工作中遇到的一些症状的产生有重要关系。
The prototype原型 for all the links of which I wish to speak is the primitive breast or penis. The paper presupposes假定 familiarity with Melanie Klein's descriptions of the infant's fantasies of sadistic attacks upon the breast ( 1934), of the infant's splitting of its objects, of projective identification, which is the name she gives to the mechanism by which parts of the personality are split off and projected into external objects, and finally her views on early stages of Oedipus complex (Klein 1928). I shall discuss phantasied attacks on the breast as the prototype of all attacks on objects that serve as a link and projective identification as the mechanism employed by the psyche to dispose of the ego fragments produced by its destructiveness.
我想要讲到的所有联结的原型是原初乳房或者阴茎。这篇论文假定读者对梅兰妮•克莱因的理论有一定的熟悉，比如她对幻想中对乳房的施虐攻击的描述，婴儿对客体的分裂，以及，她认为后者指的是人格的一些部分被分裂然后投射到外部客体中去的一种心理机制，还有最后她对情结早期阶段的观点。我将会讨论在幻想中对乳房的攻击是对所有有联结功能的客体的攻击的原型，并且投射性认同是精神用来处理由它的破坏性产生的碎片的心理机制。
I shall first describe clinical manifestations in an order dictated not by the chronology of their appearance in the consulting room, but by the need for making the exposition of my thesis as clear as I can. I shall follow this by material selected to demonstrate the order which these mechanisms assume when their relationship to each other is determined by the dynamics of the analytic situation. I shall conclude with theoretical observations on the material presented. The examples are drawn from the analysis of two patients and are taken from an advanced stage of their analyses. To preserve anonymity I shall not distinguish between the patients and shall introduce distortions of fact which I hope do not impair the accuracy of the analytic description.
首先，我将会描述一些临床表现，这些表现不是按照它们在咨询室中出现的时间顺序排列的，而是按照尽可能清楚地描述我的论点这一需要进行排列的。下面，我将会用经过选择的材料来展示这些心理机制呈现的顺序，而这些心理机制互相之间的关系是由分析情境的动力所决定的。我会以对所呈现的材料的理论评论作为结束。这些例子是从两位病人的分析中提取出来的，并且是从他们的分析的后期阶段中选取的。为了保持匿名性，我不会去两位病人之间作区分，会对事实做一些改写，我希望这不会削弱对分析情境的描述的准确性。
Observation of the patient's disposition to attack the link between two objects is simplified because the analyst has to establish a link with the patient and does this by verbal communication and his equipment of psychoanalytical experience. Upon this the creative relationship depends and therefore we should be able to see attacks being made upon it.
病人对两个客体之间的联结进行攻击的倾向的观察被简化了，因为分析师必须要与病人建立联结，并且通过口头交流和他的经验来做到这一点。创造性的关系取决于此，因此我们才能看到对它所做的攻击。
I am not concerned with typical resistance to interpretations, but with expanding references which I made in my paper on 'The differentiation of the psychotic from the non-psychotic personalities' (Bion 1957) to the destructive attacks on verbal thought itself.
我不会涉及对解释的典型阻抗，但是会扩展我在我的论文《人格中精神病性和非精神病性的区分》中对言语思维自身的攻击这个观点。
Clinical examples
临床实例
I shall now describe occasions which afforded me an opportunity to give the patient an interpretation, which at that point he could understand, of conduct designed to destroy whatever it was that linked two objects together.
现在，我会描述让我有机会给病人一个在那个点上他可以理解的解释的场合，然后他会采取一些行动，用以破坏将两个客体联结在一起的任何东西。
These are the examples:
下面是这些例子：
(i) I had reason to give the patient an interpretation making explicit his feelings of affection and his expression of them to his mother for her ability to cope with a refractory倔强的 child. The patient attempted to express his agreement with me, but although he needed to say only a few words his expression of them was interrupted by a very pronounced stammer which had the effect of spreading out his remark over a period of as much as a minute and a half. The actual sounds emitted bore resemblance to gasping for breath; gaspings were interspersed with gurgling sounds as if he were immersed in water. I drew his attention to these sounds and he agreed that they were peculiar and himself suggested the descriptions I have just given.
（1）我有足够的理由给病人一个解释，用来阐明他对的感受，以及他的这些感受对母亲的表达，因为她应付一个倔强的孩子的能力。病人试图表达他对我的赞同，但是虽然他只用几个词就能说出来，但是他对这几个词的表达被明显的口吃干扰了，这个口吃让他的话在长达一分半钟的时间里才说完。所发出的声音有点像喘息；喘息中点缀着咕噜声，就像是他浸在水里了一样。我让他注意到这些声音，他承认这些声音很独特，而且刚才我的描述就是他所建议的。
(ii) The patient complained that he could not sleep. Showing signs of fear, he said, 'It can't go on like this'. Disjointed remarks gave the impression that he felt superficially that some catastrophe would occur, perhaps akin to insanity, if he could not get more sleep. Referring to material in the previous session I suggested that he feared he would dream if he were to sleep. He denied this and said he could not think because he was wet. I reminded him of his use of the term 'wet' as an expression of contempt for somebody he regarded as feeble and sentimental. He disagreed and indicated that the state to which he referred was the exact opposite. From what I knew of this patient I felt that his correction at this point was valid and that somehow the wetness referred to an expression of hatred and envy such as he associated with urinary attacks on an object. I therefore said that in addition to the superficial fear which he had expressed he was afraid of sleep because for him it was the same thing as the oozing away 慢慢消失of his mind itself. Further associations showed that he felt that good interpretations from me were so consistently and minutely split up by him that they became mental urine which then seeped uncontrollably away. Sleep was therefore inseparable from unconsciousness, which was itself identical with a state of mindlessness which could not be repaired. He said, 'I am dry now'. I replied that he felt he was awake and capable of thought, but that this good state was only precariously maintained.
（2）病人抱怨他无法入睡。带着一些恐惧的迹象，他说，“不能再这样下去了。”不连贯的一席话给人一种印象，他表面上感觉某个灾难将会发生，或许类似于发疯，如果他不能获得更多的话。联系到之间的时间段，我提出，他害怕如果他睡着的话他会做梦。他否认了这一点，然后说他不能思考是因为他是湿的。我提醒他，他用“湿的”这个词来表达对他认为是脆弱和伤感的人的蔑视。他不同意，并且指出他所指的状态是刚好相反的。就我对这个病人的了解，我感觉他在这个点上的纠正是正确的，并且这个“湿”是恨和嫉妒的表达，比如他对客体的尿液攻击。因此，我说，除了他所表达的表面上的恐惧之外，他害怕睡着，是因为对他来说，它和他自己的理智慢慢消失是一样的。进一步的联想表明，他感觉从我这里来的好的解释，常常被他分裂，然后它们变成了精神尿液，控制不住地渗走。因此睡眠与密不可分，而无意识自身等同于一种无法修复的精神缺失状态。他说，“我现在干了。”我回答说，他感觉他清醒了，能够思考，但是这个好的状态只是不牢靠地维持着。
(iii) In this session the patient had produced material stimulated by the preceding week-end break. His awareness of such external stimuli had become demonstrable at a comparatively recent stage of the analysis. Previously it was a matter for conjecture猜测 how much he was capable of appreciating reality. I knew that he had contact with reality because he came for analysis by himself, but that fact could hardly be deduced from his behaviour in the sessions. When I interpreted some associations as evidence that he felt he had been and still was witnessing an intercourse between two people, he reacted as if he had received a violent blow猛击. I was not then able to say just where he had experienced the assault and even in retrospect I have no clear impression. It would seem logical to suppose that the shock had been administered给予 by my interpretation and that therefore the blow came from without, but my impression is that he felt it as delivered from within; the patient often experienced what he described as a stabbing attack from inside. He sat up and stared intently into space. I said that he seemed to be seeing something. He replied that he could not see what he saw. I was able from previous experience to interpret that he felt he was 'seeing' an invisible object and subsequent experience convinced me that in the two patients on whose analysis I am depending for material for this paper, events occurred in which the patient experienced invisible-visible hallucinations幻觉. I shall give my reasons later for supposing that in this and the previous example similar mechanisms were at work.
（3）在这次时间段里，病人受之前的周末休假刺激产生了一些临床材料。他对这种外部刺激的觉察在分析的相对近期阶段已经变得很明显了。之前，问题在于猜测他能在多大程度上感知现实。我知道他与现实有接触，因为是他自己来做分析的，但是这个事实很难从他在心理治疗时间段里的行为推断出来。当我对他的一些自由联想做出解释，作为他感觉到他曾经，并且现在仍然在目击两个人之间的性交的证据的时候，他的反应就像是他受到了一次猛击。那个时候，我还无法说出他是在哪里体验到的那个猛击，而且即使在回想的时候，我也没有清晰的印象。似乎合乎逻辑的假设是，这个打击是由我的解释给予的，因此这个打击是从外面来的，但是我的印象是，他感觉它是从内部来的；病人经常体验到，他所描述的从内部来的刺伤。他身体坐直，紧张地盯着空中。我说，他似乎在看什么东西。他回答说，他看不到他所看到的。我可以从我之前的经验中做出解释说，他觉得他正在“看”一个看不见的物体，并且随后的经历让我确信，我从他们的分析中获得这篇论文中的材料的两位病人身上，发生了一些病人体验到看不见的视觉幻觉的事件。我随后会给出认为在这个以及之前的例子中同样的机制在起作用的理由。
(iv) In the first twenty minutes of the session the patient made three isolated remarks which had no significance for me. He then said that it seemed that a girl he had met was understanding. This was followed at once by a violent, convulsive movement which he affected to假装 ignore. It appeared to be identical with the kind of stabbing attack I mentioned in the last example. I tried to draw his attention to the movement, but he ignored my intervention as he ignored the attack. He then said that the room was filled with a blue haze蓝色烟雾. A little later he remarked that the haze had gone, but said he was depressed. I interpreted that he felt understood by me. This was an agreeable experience, but the pleasant feeling of being understood had been instantly destroyed and ejected. I reminded him that we had recently witnessed his use of the word 'blue' as a compact description of vituperative sexual conversation. If my interpretation was correct, and subsequent events suggested that it was, it meant that the experience of being understood had been split up, converted into particles of sexual abuse and ejected. Up to this point I felt that the interpretation approximated closely to his experience. Later interpretations, that the disappearance of the haze was due to reintrojection再次内摄 and conversion into depression, seemed to have less reality for the patient, although later events were compatible with its being correct.
（4）在心理治疗时间段的前二十分钟里，病人说了三段没什么关联的话，对我来说也没什么重要性。然后他说，他遇到的一个女孩似乎很善解人意。这之后马上是一个激烈的抽搐动作，他假装忽略掉。它似乎与我在前一个例子中的刺伤很像。我试图把他的注意力引到这个动作上，但是他忽略了我的干预，就像忽略那个攻击一样。然后他说，房间里充满了一种蓝色烟雾。过了一会会，他说烟雾没有了，但是说他很。我解释说，他觉得被我理解了。这是一个令人愉快的体验，但是这种被人理解的愉快感觉很快就被摧毁然后投射出去了。我提醒他，我们最近一起看到他用“蓝色”这个词来简洁的描述羞辱性的性谈话。如果我的解释是正确的，并且随后的事情表明确实是这样，它意味着被理解的体验被分裂了，转换成了性虐待的小词句然后射出来了。到这个点上，我觉得这个解释与他的体验很接近。之后的解释，烟雾的消失是由于再次内摄，转化成了抑郁，似乎对病人来说现实性要小一点，虽然之后的事件证明它是正确的。
(v) The session, like the one in my last example, began with three or four statements of fact such as that it was hot, that his train was crowded, and that it was Wednesday; this occupied thirty minutes. An impression that he was trying to retain contact with reality was confirmed when he followed up by saying that he feared a breakdown. A little later he said I would not understand him. I interpreted that he felt I was bad and would not take in what he wanted to put into me. I interpreted in these terms deliberately because he had shown in the previous session that he felt that my interpretations were an attempt to eject feelings that he wished to deposit in me. His response to my interpretation was to say that he felt there were two probability clouds in the room. I interpreted that he was trying to get rid of the feeling that my badness was a fact. I said it meant that he needed to know whether I was really bad or whether I was some bad thing which had come from inside him. Although the point was not at the moment of central significance I thought the patient was attempting to decide whether he was hallucinated or not. This recurrent anxiety in his analysis was associated with his fear that envy and hatred of a capacity for understanding was leading him to take in a good, understanding object to destroy and eject it—a procedure which had often led to persecution迫害 by the destroyed and ejected object. Whether my refusal to understand was a reality or hallucination was important only because it determined what painful experiences were to be expected next.
（5）这次治疗，像上一个例子中一样，以三四个事实的陈述作为开始，比如今天很热，火车上人很多，今天星期三；这占据了三十分钟。这给人一种他在努力与现实保持接触的印象，他随后说的话证实了这一点，他说他害怕会崩溃。过了一会会，他说我不会理解他。我解释说，他觉得我是坏的，将不会接受他想要放进我的东西。我故意用这些词语来做解释，因为在之前的治疗中，他感觉我的解释是试图将他想要放进我那里的感受射出来。他对我的解释的反应是说，他觉得房间里面有两个可能的云。我解释说，他试着消除掉我的坏是一个事实这个感觉。我说，它意味着他需要知道，我确实是坏的，还是我是来自他内部的某些坏东西。虽然在那个时刻并不是最为关键的，但是我认为病人是在试图决定他是否产生了幻觉。在他的分析中经常发生的这种与他的恐惧有关，他害怕对理解能力的嫉妒和恨会导致他接受一个好的，理解性的客体，然后毁灭并投射它——这个程序通常会导致被毁灭和投射的客体的迫害。我对理解的拒绝是现实的还是幻觉中的很重要，只是因为它决定了随之而来的究竟是何种痛苦体验。
(vi) Half the session passed in silence; the patient then announced that a piece of iron had fallen on the floor. Thereafter he made a series of convulsive movements in silence as if he felt he was being physically assaulted from within. I said he could not establish contact with me because of his fear of what was going on inside him. He confirmed this by saying that he felt he was being murdered. He did not know what he would do without the analysis as it made him better. I said that he felt so envious of himself and of me for being able to work together to make him feel better that he took the pair of us into him as a dead piece of iron and a dead floor that came together not to give him life but to murder him. He became very anxious and said he could not go on. I said that he felt he could not go on because he was either dead, or alive and so envious that he had to stop good analysis. There was a marked decrease of anxiety, but the remainder of the session was taken up by isolated statements of fact which again seemed to be an attempt to preserve contact with external reality as a method of denial of his phantasies.
（6）治疗时间一半在沉默中度过；然后病人宣称一块烙铁掉在地上了。然后，他在沉默中做出了一系列的抽搐动作，就好像他受到了来自内部的物理攻击。我说，他无法与我建立联系是因为他对他内部正在进行的事情感到恐惧。他确认了我的话，说他觉得他正在被人谋杀。我说，他对他自己和我能够一起工作让他感觉好一些如此嫉妒，以至于他将我们两个人变成是一块死硬烙铁和一个毫无声响的地板，两者结合在一起不是为了给他生命而是谋杀他。他变得非常焦虑并且说他无法再继续下去。我说，他觉得他无法继续是因为他要么死了，要么活着，并且如此嫉妒以至于要停止好的分析。病人的焦虑显著降低了，但是这次治疗剩下来的时间都被孤立的事实陈述所占据，似乎再一次想要与现实保持接触，以作为否认他的幻想的一种方法。
Features common to the above illustrations
上面实例的共同特性
These episodes have been chosen by me because the dominant theme in each was the destructive attack on a link. In the first the attack was expressed in a stammer which was designed to prevent the patient from using language as a bond between him and me. In the second sleep was felt by him to be identical with projective identification that proceeded unaffected by any possible attempt at control by him. Sleep for him meant that his mind, minutely fragmented, flowed out in an attacking stream of particles.
我之所以选择这些片段，是因为它们每一个的显著主题都是对联结的破坏性攻击。在第一个例子中，攻击是以口吃的形式表达的，这个口吃用来阻止病人用语言作为他和我之间的联系。在第二例子中，睡眠被他感知为与进行的投射性认同一样，不受他的半点控制。对他来说，睡眠意味着他的理智，常常是碎片化的，在微粒的攻击之流中流出来。
The examples I give here throw light on schizophrenic dreaming. The psychotic patient appears to have no dreams, or at least not to report any, until comparatively late in the analysis. My impression now is that this apparently dreamless period is a phenomenon analogous to the invisibles-visual hallucination. That is to say, that the dreams consist of material so minutely fragmented that they are devoid of 缺乏any visual component. When dreams are experienced which the patient can report because visual objects have been experienced by him in the course of the dream, he seems to regard these objects as bearing much the same relationship to the invisible objects of the previous phase as faeces seem to him to bear to urine. The objects appearing in experiences which we call dreams are regarded by the patient as solid and are, as such, contrasted with the contents of the dreams which were a continuum of minute, invisible fragments.
我这里给出的例子让精神分裂症的梦变得更为清晰。精神病病人貌似没有梦，或者至少是没有报告任何梦，直到分析的相对后期阶段。我现在的印象是，这种表面上无梦的阶段是一种类似于看不见的视觉幻觉的现象。也就是说，这些梦由如此破碎的材料组成，以至于他们缺乏任何可见的成分。当梦被体验为病人可以报告的东西的时候，那是因为在做梦的过程中他体验到了一些视觉物体，他似乎将这些物体与之前阶段不可见物体的关系看作是屎与尿之间的关系一样。在我们称之为梦的体验中出现的物体，被病人认为是固体的，照此，与那些内容是微小的，不可见的碎片的梦形成对比。
At the time of the session the main theme was not an attack on the link but the consequences of such an attack, previously made, in leaving him bereft of 失去a state of mind necessary for the establishment of a satisfying relationship between him and his bed. Though it did not appear in the session I report, uncontrollable projective identification, which was what sleep meant to him, was thought to be a destructive attack on the state of mind of the coupling parents. There was therefore a double anxiety; one arising from his fear that he was being rendered mindless, the other from his fear that he was unable to control his hostile attacks, his mind providing the ammunition, on the state of mind that was the link between the parental pair. Sleep and sleeplessness were alike inacceptable.
这个治疗时间段里面，主要的主题不是对联结的攻击，而是之前所做的这种攻击的后果，让他失去在他与他的床之间建立满意关系所必须的一种理智状态。虽然它没有在我所报告的那个时间段里出现，但是不可控制的投射性认同，也就是梦对他来说意味着的东西，被认为是对联结起源的理智状态的破坏性攻击。因此这里有双重的焦虑；一个源自于他对变成没头脑的恐惧，另一个是对他无法控制他的敌意攻击的恐惧，他的理智提供了弹药，用来攻击起源配对之间联结的理智状态。睡眠和无眠一样不可接受。
In the third example in which I described visual hallucinations of invisible objects, we witness one form in which the actual attack on the sexual pair is delivered. My interpretation, as far as I could judge, was felt by him as if it were his own visual sense of a parental intercourse; this visual impression is minutely fragmented and ejected at once in particles so minute微小的 that they are the invisible components of a continuum. The total procedure has served the purpose of forestalling预防 an experience of feelings of envy for the parental state of mind by the instantaneous expression of envy in a destructive act. I shall have more to say of this implicit hatred of emotion and the need to avoid awareness of it.
在第三个例子中，我描述了不可见物体的视觉幻觉，我们见证了一种形式，其中对性配对进行了实际的攻击。我的解释，就我所能判断的，被他感觉成就像是他亲眼看见了父母的性交；这个视角印象不断碎片化然后立刻以微粒射出来，这些微小如此微小以至于它们成了一个连续体的不可见成分。整个程序的作用是，通过立即在一个破坏性的行为中表达嫉妒，预防体验到对父母理智状态的嫉妒。我将会更多地谈及这种隐含的对的仇恨，以及回避意识到它的需要。
In my fourth example, the report of the understanding girl and the haze, my understanding and his agreeable state of mind have been felt as a link between us which could give rise to a creative act. The link had been regarded with hate and transformed into a hostile and destructive sexuality rendering表示 the patient-analyst couple sterile.
在我的第四个例子中，对善解人意的女孩和烟雾的报告，我的理解和他的愉快理智状态，被感觉成我们之间的联结，这个联结可以引起一个有的行动。这个联结被仇恨的态度对待，并且转化成了一个有敌意和破坏性的性行为，表示病人-分析师配对没有效果。
In my fifth example, of the two probability clouds, a capacity for understanding is the link which is being attacked, but the interest lies in the fact that the object making the destructive attacks is alien to the patient. Furthermore, the destroyer is making an attack on projective identification which is felt by the patient to be a method of communication. In so far as my supposed attack on his methods of communication is felt as possibly secondary to his envious attacks on me, he does not dissociate himself from feelings of guilt and responsibility. A further point is the appearance of judgement, which regards as an essential feature of the dominance of the reality principle, among the ejected parts of the patient's personality. The fact that there were two probability clouds remained unexplained at the time, but in subsequent sessions I had material which led me to suppose that what had originally been an attempt to separate good from bad survived in the existence of two objects, but they were now similar in that each was a mixture of good and bad. Taking into consideration material from later sessions, I can draw conclusions which were not possible at the time; his capacity for judgement, which had been split up and destroyed with the rest of his ego and then ejected, was felt by him to be similar to other bizarre objects of the kind which I have described in my paper on 'The differentiation of the psychotic from the non-psychotic parts of the personality'. These ejected particles were feared because of the treatment he had accorded符合 them. He felt that the alienated judgement—the probability clouds—indicated that I was probably bad. His suspicion that the probability clouds were persecutory and hostile led him to doubt the value of the guidance they afforded him. They might supply him with a correct assessment or a deliberately false one, such as that a fact was an hallucination or vice versa; or would give rise to what, from a psychiatric point of view, we would call delusions. The probability clouds themselves had some qualities of a primitive breast and were felt to be enigmatic and intimidating.
在我的第五个，关于两个可能性的云的例子中，理解能力是受到攻击的联结，但是有趣的是，进行破坏性攻击的客体是违背病人本性的。而且，破坏者正在对投射性认同做出攻击，而投射性认同被病人感觉为是一种沟通的方式。至于我假定的对他的沟通方式的攻击，被感觉为可能是次于他对我的嫉妒的攻击的，他没有将自己与内疚和责任的感觉中解离。更深层的一点是在病人人格射出的部分中，判断的出现，而这被认为是现实原则占主导的一个基本特征。那个时候有两朵可能性的云这一事实没有解释，但是在接下来的治疗中，我有了一些材料，可以让我假设，一开始想要将好的和坏的分开的企图，在两个物体同时存在的情况下幸存了下来，但是它们现在变得类似了，因为每一个都是好和坏的混合物。把后面治疗的材料考虑进来，我可以得出之前那个时候不可能得出的结论；他判断的能力，被分裂然后与他自我的剩余部分被毁灭，然后射出去，被他感觉是与其他的奇异客体类似，这种类型的奇异客体我在我的论文《人格中精神病性和非精神病性的区分》描述过。这些射出去微粒让人害怕，因为他所获得的治疗与它们相符。他感觉他异化了的判断——可能的云——表明我可能是坏的。他怀疑可能的云是迫害性的和有敌意的，导致他怀疑它们给予他的指导的价值。它们可能给他一个正确的评估，或者一个故意弄错的，比如，一个事实是一个幻觉或者反过来；或者从的观点来说，可能会导致幻觉。可能的云本身有原初乳房的一些特性，因此被感觉是神秘和吓人的。
In my sixth illustration, the report that a piece of iron had fallen on the floor, I had no occasion for interpreting an aspect of the material with which the patient had by this time become familiar. (I should perhaps say that experience had taught me that there were times when I assumed the patient's familiarity with some aspect of a situation with which we were dealing, only to discover that, in spite of the work that had been done upon it, he had forgotten it.) The familiar point that I did not interpret, but which is significant for the understanding of this episode, is that the patient's envy of the parental couple had been evaded by his substitution代替 of himself and myself for the parents. The evasion回避 failed, for the envy and hatred were now directed against him and me. The couple engaged in a creative act are felt to be sharing分享 an enviable值得羡慕的, emotional experience; he, being identified also with the excluded party, has a painful, emotional experience as well. On many occasions the patient, partly through experiences of the kind which I describe in this episode, and partly for reasons on which I shall enlarge later, had a hatred of emotion, and therefore, by a short extension, of life itself. This hatred contributes to the murderous attack on that which links the pair, on the pair itself and on the object generated by the pair. In the episode I am describing, the patient is suffering the consequences of his early attacks on the state of mind that forms the link between the creative pair and his identification with both the hateful and creative states of mind.
在我的第六个例子，那个报告说一块烙铁掉在地板上的，我没有机会解释病人那个时候已经熟悉了的材料的一个方面。（我或许应该说经验告诉我，当我假定病人对我们正在处理的情境的一些方面很熟悉的时候，只会发现，尽管在此之上开展了工作，他已经忘掉它了。）我没有解释的熟悉的一点，但是理解这个片段很重要的一点是，病人对父母的嫉妒已经通过用他自己和我自己代替父母而回避了。这个回避失败了，因为现在嫉妒和仇恨现在是指向他和我的。参与一个创造性行动的两个人现在被觉得是在分享一个值得羡慕的，情感的体验；他，也与被排除的部分有认同，也有一个痛苦的，情感的体验。在许多时候，这个病人，部分通过我在这个片段中描述的这种体验，对情感有仇恨，因此，通过一个小的延伸，对生活本身也产生了仇恨。这个仇恨促成了对联结配对的东西，对配对，对这个配对产生的物体的攻击。在我描述的片段中，病人正在承受着他对形成创造性配对联结的理智状态和他与仇恨和创造性的理智状态的认同的早期攻击的后果。
In this and the preceding illustration there are elements that suggest the formation of a hostile persecutory object, or agglomeration of objects, which expresses its hostility in a manner which is of great importance in producing the predominance of psychotic mechanisms in a patient; the characteristics with which I have already invested the agglomeration聚集 of persecutory objects have the quality of a primitive原初的, and even murderous凶残的, superego.
在这里以及随后的阐述中，有一些元素表明一个敌意迫害性客体，或者客体的聚集的形成，这个客体以一种在产生病人身上显著的精神病机制方面极其重要的方式表达它的敌意；除了我已经赋予的特性，迫害性客体的聚集有原初的，凶残的超我的特性。
Curiosity, arrogance, and stupidity
好奇心，傲慢和愚蠢
In the paper I presented at the International Congress of 1957 (Bion 1957) I suggested that Freud's analogy of an archaeological investigation with a psychoanalysis was helpful if it were considered that we were exposing evidence not so much of a primitive civilization as of a primitive disaster. The value of the analogy is lessened because in the analysis we are confronted not so much with a static situation that permits leisurely study, but with a catastrophe灾难 that remains at one and the same moment actively vital and yet incapable of resolution into quiescence. This lack of progress in any direction must be attributed in part to the destruction of a capacity for curiosity and the consequent inability to learn, but before I go into this I must say something about a matter that plays hardly any part in the illustrations I have given.
在我向1957年国际会议上呈报的论文里面，我提出，弗洛伊德将精神分析比作考古学调查的类比是有帮助的，只要它所考虑的是，我们所正在的揭露的证据不是关于一个原始文明而是关于一个原始灾难的。这个类比的价值进一步降低了，因为在分析中我们面对的并不是一个静止不动的状态，让我们可以闲适地研究，而是一个动态的灾难，可能不能通过静止来解决。这种朝着任何方向都缺乏进展的状态部分原因是，好奇的能力的破坏，以及随之而来的学习能力的丧失，但是再讲这个之前，我必须讲一些在上面我给出的例子中几乎没有起到任何作用的东西。
Attacks on the link originate in what Melanie Klein calls the paranoid-schizoid phase. This period is dominated by part-object relationships (Klein 1948). If it is borne in mind that the patient has a part-object relationship with himself as well as with objects not himself, it contributes to the understanding of phrases such as 'it seems' which are commonly employed by the deeply disturbed patient on occasions when a less disturbed patient might say 'I think' or 'I believe'. When he says 'it seems' he is often referring to a feeling —an 'it seems' feeling— which is a part of his psyche and yet is not observed as part of a whole object. The conception of the part-object as analogous to an anatomical structure解剖结构, encouraged by the patient's employment of concrete images as units of thought, is misleading because the part-object relationship is not with the anatomical structures only but with function, not with anatomy but with physiology生理学, not with the breast but with feeding, poisoning, loving, hating.
对联结的攻击起源于梅兰妮•克莱因称之为偏执-分裂的阶段。这个阶段部分占显著地位。如果我们记住，病人与他自己以及不是他自己的客体都有一个部分客体关系，它让我们可以理解一种措辞，比如“它好像”，这种措辞通常是由病得很重的病人所采用，而病得较轻的病人在这些场合下可能会说，“我认为”或者“我相信”。当他说“它好像”的时候，他经常指的是一种感觉——一种“它好像”的感觉——这种感觉是他心灵的一部分，而又不被认为是整个结构的一部分。关于部分客体类似于解剖结构的观念，虽然被病人用具体的图像作为思维单元所鼓励，但其实是误导人的，因为部分客体关系不只是与解剖结构有关，而是与结构有关，不是与解剖学而是与生理学有关，不是与乳房有关，而是与哺乳，毒害，爱，恨有关。
This contributes to the impression of a disaster that is dynamic and not static. The problem that has to be solved on this early, yet superficial, level must be stated in adult terms by the question, 'What is something?' and not the question 'Why is something?' because 'why' has, through guilt, been split off. Problems, the solution of which depends upon an awareness of causation因果关系, cannot therefore be stated, let alone solved. This produces a situation in which the patient appears to have no problems except those posed by the existence of analyst and patient. His preoccupation is with what is this or that function, of which he is aware though unable to grasp the totality of which the function is a part. It follows that there is never any question why the patient or the analyst is there, or why something is said or done or felt, nor can there be any question of attempting to alter the causes of some state of mind.... Since 'what?' can never be answered without 'how?' or 'why?' further difficulties arise. I shall leave this on one side to consider the mechanisms employed by the infant to solve the problem 'what?' when it is felt in relation to a part-object relationship with a function.
这让人形成关于一个动态而不是静态的灾难的印象。在这个早期，还很肤浅的层面上，需要解决的问题，必须用成年人的话来说就是，“那样是什么样？”而不是“为什么是那样？”因为“为什么”通过内疚被分裂了。要解决问题取决于意识到因果关系，而此时问题都提不出来，何况解决。这形成了一种病人看起来没有任何问题的状况，除了由分析师和病人的存在所引起的问题之外。他关注的是这个或者那个功能是什么，他能够意识到功能，虽然不能抓住功能只是一部分的那个整体。结果就是，从来没有问到为什么病人或者分析师在那里，或者为什么说了某些话，做了某些事，有某些感受，也不会有任何想要改变某些理智状态的原因的问题……因为如果不问“如何”或者“什么”会产生进一步的问题，关于“什么”的问题永远得不到回答。我将会把这个放一边，来考虑当感觉与有一种功能的部分客体相关的时候，婴儿用来解决“什么”的问题所采用的机制。
Denial of normal degrees of projective identification
对正常程度投射性认同的否认
I employ the term 'link' because I wish to discuss the patient's relationship with a function rather than with the object that subserves a function; my concern is not only with the breast, or penis, or verbal thought, but with their function of providing the link between two objects.
我采用“联结”这个术语，因为我想要讨论病人与一个功能的关系，而不是与一个促进功能的客体的关系；我关心的不仅仅是乳房或者阴茎，或者言语思维，而是它们提供两个客体之间的联结的功能。
In her 'Notes on Some Schizoid Mechanisms' (1946) Melanie Klein speaks of the importance of an excessive employment of splitting and projective identification in the production of a very disturbed personality. She also speaks of 'the introjection of the good object, first of all the mother's breast' as a 'precondition for normal development'. I shall suppose that there is a normal degree of projective identification, without defining the limits within which normality lies, and that associated with introjective identification this is the foundation on which normal developments rests.
在她的论文《一些分裂机制浅论》中，梅兰妮•克莱因谈到了分裂和投射性认同的过度使用在产生一种非常精神病性的人格中的重要性。她也谈到了“好客体的内摄，首先是母亲的乳房”，是“正常发展的前提”。我会假定有正常程度的投射性认同，而不界定正常的界限在哪里，并且它与内摄性认同有关，这是正常发展所依赖的基础。
This impression derives partly from a feature in a patient's analysis which was difficult to interpret because it did not appear to be sufficiently obtrusive at any moment for an interpretation to be supported by convincing evidence. Throughout the analysis the patient resorted to projective identification with a persistence固执 suggesting it was a mechanism of which he had never been able sufficiently to avail有益于 himself; the analysis afforded him an opportunity for the exercise of a mechanism of which he had been cheated. I did not have to rely on this impression alone. There were sessions which led me to suppose that the patient felt there was some object that denied拒绝 him the use of projective identification. In the illustrations I have given, particularly in the first, the stammer, and the fourth, the understanding girl and the blue haze, there are elements which indicate that the patient felt that parts of his personality that he wished to repose in me were refused entry by me, but there had been associations prior to this which led me to this view.
这个印象部分来自于病人分析中的一个特点，它很难去做解释，因为在任何时候似乎都不够突出，使得解释无法获得确信的证据支持。整个分析中，病人固执地诉诸于投射性认同，表明它是一种他从来没有充分用来给他自己带来好处的心理机制；分析让他有机会运用一种他一直被欺骗的机制。我不需要只依赖这个印象。有一些治疗时间段让我假定，病人感到某个客体拒绝他使用投射性认同。在我给出的例子中，特别是第一个，有一些元素表明，病人感觉他想要放到我那里的部分人格被我拒绝进入，但是在这之前还有一些自由联想让我有了这个观点。
When the patient strove to rid himself of fears of death which were felt to be too powerful for his personality to contain he split off his fears and put them into me, the idea apparently being that if they were allowed to repose停留 there long enough they would undergo modification by my psyche and could then be safely reintrojected. On the occasion I have in mind the patient had felt, probably for reasons similar to those I give in my fifth illustration, the probability clouds, that I evacuated them so quickly that the feelings were not modified, but had become more painful.
当病人感到对死亡的恐惧太过于强大，他的人格无法容纳的时候，病人努力去去除自己身上对死亡的恐惧，他将他的恐惧分裂掉然后将它们放在我那里，这样做的原因好像是，如果它们被允许在那里停留足够长的时间，它们将会被我的心灵转化，然后可以安全地再次内摄。在我想到的那个场合，病人感觉，可能与我在第五个例子——可能的云——中给出的理由类似，我太快排出它们，那个感受没有转化，但是变得更加让人痛苦。
Associations from a period in the analysis earlier than that from which these illustrations have been drawn showed an increasing intensity of emotions in the patient. This originated in what he felt was my refusal to accept parts of his personality. Consequently he strove to force them into me with increased desperation and violence. His behaviour, isolated from the context of the analysis, might have appeared to be an expression of primary aggression. The more violent his phantasies of projective identification, the more frightened he became of me. There were sessions in which such behaviour expressed unprovoked无缘无故的 aggression, but I quote this series because it shows the patient in a different light, his violence a reaction to what he felt was my hostile defensiveness. The analytic situation built up in my mind a sense of witnessing an extremely early scene. I felt that the patient had experienced in infancy a mother who dutifully responded to the infant's emotional displays.
给出这些例子的分析的更加早期阶段，一些自由联想表明病人情绪的强度增加了。这源自于他感到我拒绝接受他人格的一些部分。因此，他努力把它们硬塞给我，以更多的绝望和激烈程度。他的行为，如果脱离分析的背景来看的话，可能会显得是原初攻击性的表达。他投射性认同的幻想越激烈，他越是怕我。有些治疗时间段里，这种行为表达了无缘无故的攻击性，但是我引用了这个系列，因为它以一个不同角度展示了病人，他的激烈是对他感觉的我的敌意防御的反应。分析情境在我脑海中建立了一种目睹一个极端早期场景的感觉。我感觉，病人在婴儿时期有一个尽职尽责地对婴儿的情绪表现做出反应的母亲。
The dutiful response had in it an element of impatient 'I don't know what's the matter with the child.' My deduction was that in order to understand what the child wanted the mother should have treated the infant's cry as more than a demand for her presence. From the infant's point of view she should have taken into her, and thus experienced, the fear that the child was dying. It was this fear that the child could not contain. He strove to split it off together with the part of the personality in which it lay and project it into the mother. An understanding mother is able to experience the feeling of dread, that this baby was striving to deal with by projective identification, and yet retain a balanced outlook. This patient had had to deal with a mother who could not tolerate experiencing such feelings and reacted either by denying the ingress进入, or alternatively by becoming a prey to the anxiety which resulted from the introjection of the infant's feelings. The latter reaction must, I think, have been rare: denial was dominant.
尽职尽责反应中一个不耐烦的元素：“我不知道这个孩子有什么毛病”。我的推断是，为了理解孩子要什么，母亲或许觉得孩子的哭泣里面有比要她在场更多的含义。从婴儿的角度来说，她应该考虑到，因此体验到孩子将要死去的恐惧。正是这个恐惧是孩子所不能容纳的。他努力将它以及它所在的人格部分分裂然后投射到母亲那里。一个善解人意的母亲能够体验到恐惧的感觉，这个恐惧感是孩子努力要用投射性认同来处理的，并且仍然能够保持着平衡。这个病人的母亲无法忍受体验这种感受，然后要么拒绝投射的进入，要么因为内摄了婴儿的感受而感到焦虑。我认为，后面一种反应肯定很少：拒绝是主要的。
To some this reconstruction will appear to be unduly fanciful想象的; to me it does not seem forced不自然的 and is the reply to any who may object that too much stress is placed on the transference to the exclusion of 排除掉，不计及a proper elucidation说明 of early memories.
对某些人来说，这个重构似乎太过于幻想；对我来说它并显得不自然，并且它是对任何反对过于强调，没有对早期给予一个恰当说明的回应。
In the analysis a complex situation may be observed. The patient feels he is being allowed an opportunity of which he had hitherto至今 been cheated; the poignancy强烈 of his deprivation is thereby rendered释放 the more acute and so are the feelings of resentment at the deprivation. Gratitude for the opportunity coexists with hostility to the analyst as the person who will not understand and refuses the patient the use of the only method of communication by which he feels he can make himself understood. Thus the link between patient and analyst, or infant and breast, is the mechanism of projective identification. The destructive attacks upon this link originate in a source external to the patient or infant, namely the analyst or breast. The result is excessive projective identification by the patient and a deterioration退化 of his developmental processes.
在分析中可能会观察到一个复杂的情境。病人感到给予了他至今为止一直被欺骗的机会；因此他受剥夺的感受释放得更为强烈，对剥夺的憎恨的感受也一样。对这个机会的感激与对分析师的敌意共存，因为分析师也是那个不理解他，并且拒绝病人使用他感觉是唯一的能让他被人理解的沟通方式的人。因此病人和分析师，或者婴儿和乳房之间的联结，是投射性认同的机制。对这个联结的破坏性攻击源自于外在于病人或者婴儿，也就是分析师或者乳房的来源。结果就是病人过度的投射性认同和他的发展过程的退化。
I do not put forward提出 this experience as the cause of the patient's disturbance; that finds its main source in the inborn disposition of the infant as a I described it in my paper on 'The differentiation of the psychotic from the non-psychotic personalities' (Bion 1957). I regard it as a central feature of the environmental factor in the production of the psychotic personality.
我并不是要将这个经验作为病人的精神病的原因；主要的原因在于婴儿天生的性情，就像我在《人格中精神病性和非精神病性的区分》中所描述的一样。我认为它是产生精神病人格结构的环境因素的一个中核心特征。
Before I discuss this consequence for the patient's development, I must refer to the inborn characteristics and the part that they play in producing attacks by the infant on all that links him to the breast, namely, primary aggression and envy. The seriousness of these attacks is enhanced if the mother displays the kind of unreceptiveness which I have described, and is diminished削弱, but not abolished废除, if the mother can introject the infant's feelings and remain balanced (Klein 1957); the seriousness remains because the psychotic infant is overwhelmed with hatred and envy of the mother's ability to retain a comfortable state of mind although experiencing the infant's feelings.
在我讨论对病人发展的造成的后果之前，我必须提及天生的特点，以及它们在产生婴儿对所有与乳房联结的东西的攻击——也就是原初攻击性和嫉妒——上的作用。如果母亲展示出我已经描述过的不接受性，这些攻击的严重性会增强，如果母亲可以内摄婴儿的感受并且保持平衡，这些攻击的严重性会降低，但不会彻底消除；严重性还保留着，因为精神病性的婴儿被对母亲虽然体验到婴儿的感受，但是保持一个舒服的理智状态的能力的仇恨和嫉妒所淹没。
This was clearly brought out by a patient who insisted that I must go through it with him, but was filled with hate when he felt I was able to do so without a breakdown（典型的边缘性人格障碍反应）. Here we have another aspect of destructive attacks upon the link, the link being the capacity of the analyst to introject the patient's projective identifications. Attacks on the link, therefore, are synonymous with attacks on the analyst's, and originally the mother's, peace of mind. The capacity to introject is transformed by the patient's envy and hate into greed devouring吞食，毁灭 the patient's psyche; similarly, peace of mind becomes hostile indifference. At this point analytic problems arise through the patient's employment (to destroy the peace of mind that is so much envied) of acting out, delinquent acts 不良行为and threats of suicide.
这一点由一个病人很清楚地提出来了，他坚持我必须与他已经经历一切，但是当他发现我这样做而没有崩溃的时候，他充满了仇恨。这里我们发现对联结的攻击的另外一个面向，这个联结是分析师内摄病人的投射性认同的能力。因此，对联结的攻击，与对分析师的，最开始是对母亲的，内心的平静是一样的。内摄的能力被病人的嫉妒和仇恨转化成了贪婪地吞食病人的心灵；类似地，内心的平静变成了敌意的冷漠。在这个点上，分析问题通过病人对行动化，不良行为和威胁（来毁灭如此嫉妒的内心平静）而产生出来。
Consequences
后果
To review the main features so far: the origin of the disturbance is twofold. On the one hand there is the patient's inborn disposition to excessive destructiveness, hatred, and envy: on the other the environment which, at its worst, denies to the patient the use of the mechanisms of splitting and projective identification. On some occasions the destructive attacks on the link between patient and environment, or between different aspects of the patient's personality, have their origin in the patient; on others, in the mother, although in the latter instance and in psychotic patients, it can never be in the mother alone. The disturbances commence with life itself. The problem that confronts the patient is: What are the objects of which he is aware? These objects, whether internal or external, are in fact part-objects and predominantly, though not exclusively, what we should call functions and not morphological structures形态结构.
对目前主要的特点做一个回顾：精神病态的起源是双重的。一方面是病人天生的性情，过度的攻击性，仇恨和嫉妒；另一方面是环境，在最糟糕的情况下，拒绝病人对分裂和投射性认同这两个心理机制的使用。在某些场合，对病人和环境，或者病人人格中不同面向的破坏性攻击，起源于病人；在另外一些场合，在母亲身上，虽然在后面那个例子和精神病病人身上，原因永远不可能是只在母亲身上。精神病是从生命一开始的时候就开始的。面对病人的问题是：他能意识到的是什么客体？这些客体，不管是内部还是外部的，实际上主要是部分客体，虽然并不完全是，我们应该称之为功能而不是形态结构。
This is obscured because the patient's thinking is conducted by means of concrete objects and therefore tends to produce, in the sophisticated mind of the analyst, an impression that the patient's concern is with the nature of the concrete object. The nature of the functions which excite the patient's curiosity he explores by projective identification. His own feelings, too powerful to be contained within his personality are amongst these functions. Projective identification makes it possible for him to investigate his own feelings in a personality powerful enough to contain them. Denial of the use of this mechanism, either by the refusal of the mother to serve as a repository仓库 for the infant's feelings, or by the hatred and envy of the patient who cannot allow the mother to exercise this function, leads to a destruction of the link between infant and breast and consequently to a severe disorder of the impulse to be curious on which all learning depends.
这一点被掩盖了，因为病人的思考是通过具体的物体的方式进行的，因此倾向于产生，在分析师复杂的头脑看来的一种印象，病人关心的是具体的物体的本质。刺激病人的好奇心的功能的本质，他通过投射性认同进行探索。他自身的感受，太过于强大以至于不能在他的人格中容纳就在这些功能中间。投射性认同让他可以在一个足够强大到可以容纳它们的人格中研究他的感受。对这个心理机制的拒绝，不管是因为母亲拒绝作为婴儿感受的仓库，还是因为病人的嫉妒和仇恨不允许母亲去承担这个功能，导致婴儿和乳房间联结的破坏，因此导致好奇心的冲动有了严重的障碍，而所有的学习都依赖于这种好奇心。
The way is therefore prepared for a severe arrest of development. Furthermore, thanks to a denial of the main method open to the infant for dealing with his too powerful emotions, the conduct of emotional life, in any case a severe problem, becomes intolerable. Feelings of hatred are thereupon directed against all emotions, including hate itself, and against external reality which stimulates them. It is a short step from hatred of the emotions to hatred of life itself. As I said in my paper on the 'The differentiation of the psychotic from the non- psychotic personalities' (Bion 1957), this hatred results in导致 a resort to依靠 projective identification of all the perceptual apparatus 知觉器官including the embryonic thought which forms a link between sense impressions and consciousness. The tendency to excessive projective identification when death instincts predominate is thus reinforced强化了.
因此会导致发展的严重停滞。而且，由于对婴儿处理对他来说太过于强大的情绪的主要方式的拒绝，管理情绪生活，任何情况下都是一个严重的问题，变得无法忍受。于是仇恨的感觉导向了所有的情绪，包括仇恨自身，以及所有刺激起这些情绪的外在现实。从恨情绪到恨生活本身是顺理成章的。就像我在我的论文《人格中精神病性和非精神病性的区分》所说，这种仇恨导致依靠所有知觉器官的投射性认同，包括原始的在感觉印象和意识之间形成联结的原初思维。因此，当死亡本能占据主导地位的时候，过度投射性认同的倾向得到了强化。
Superego
超我
The early development of the superego is effected by this kind of mental functioning in a way I must now describe. As I have said, the link between infant and breast depends upon projective identification and a capacity to introject projective identification. Failure to introject makes the external object appear intrinsically hostile to curiosity and to the method, namely projective identification, by which the infant seeks to satisfy it. Should the breast be felt as fundamentally understanding, it has been transformed by the infant's envy and hate into any object whose devouring greed has as its aim the introjection of the infant's projective identifications in order to destroy them. This can show in the patient's belief that the analyst strives, by understanding the patient, to drive him insane. The result is an object which, when installed in the patient, exercises the function of a severe and ego-destructive superego. This description is not accurate applied to any object in the paranoid-schizoid position because it supposes a whole-object. The threat that such a whole-object impends contributes to the inability, described by Melanie Klein and others (Segal 1950), of the psychotic patient to face the depressive position and the developments attendant on it. In the paranoid-schizoid phase the bizarre objects composed partially of elements of a persecutory supergo which I described in my paper on 'The differentiation of the psychotic from the non-psychotic personalities' are predominant.
有一种类型的心理功能会影响超我的早期形成过程，我现在必须描述一下产生这种影响的方式。就像我已经说过的，婴儿和乳房之间的联结取决于投射性认同，以及一种内摄投射性认同的能力。内摄的失败让外部客体显得对好奇心，以及婴儿用来满足好奇心的方法，也就是投射性认同，有固有的敌意。如果乳房被感觉到基本上是理解性的，它也被婴儿的嫉羡和恨转化成了要贪婪地吞食婴儿的投射性认同的内摄的任一客体，目的是要毁灭掉它们。这可以在病人的一种信念中显示出来，那就是认为分析师通过努力理解病人，让病人变得疯狂。结果就是形成一个客体，当被安置于病人心理结构中时，行使着严厉和自我破坏性的超我的功能。这一描述对于偏执-分裂心位的任何客体都不准确，因为它假定要有一个完整客体。这样一个客体即将到来的威胁，导致梅兰妮•克莱因和其他人所描述的，精神病病人无法面对抑郁心位，也无法获得随抑郁心位而来的发展。在偏执-分裂阶段，由一个迫害性的超我的元素部分地组成的奇异客体占据了主导地位，这种迫害性的超我在我的论文《精神病性和非精神病性人格之间的区分》进行过描述。
Arrested development
The disturbance of the impulse of curiosity on which all learning depends, and the denial of the mechanism by which it seeks expression, makes normal development impossible. Another feature obtrudes if the course of the analysis is favourable顺利的; problems which in sophisticated language are posed by the question 'Why?' cannot be formulated. The patient appears to have no appreciation of causation and will complain of painful states of mind while persisting in courses of action calculated to produce them. Therefore when the appropriate material presents itself the patient must be shown that he has no interest in why he feels as he does. Elucidation说明 of the limited scope of his curiosity issues in导致 the development of a wider range and an incipient初期的 preoccupation with causes原因. This leads to some modification of conduct 行为的改变which otherwise prolongs his distress.
所有的学习都仰赖于好奇心的冲动，而这一冲动的障碍，以及对它寻求表达的心理机制的拒绝，让正常的发展变得不可能。如果分析很顺利，另外一个特点又会闯入；病人无法问出以“为什么”起头的问题。病人貌似对因果没有觉察，并且会抱怨痛苦的理智状态，而同时坚持会导致痛苦的行为方式。因此，当有合适的材料出来的时候，病人肯定会表露出，他对他为什么会有那种感受不感兴趣。对他的好奇心的狭窄范围的说明，会导致好奇心范围的扩大，并且开始关注原因。这会导致那些会延续他的痛苦的行为的改变。
Conclusions
结论
The main conclusions of this paper relate to that state of mind in which the patient's psyche contains an internal object which is opposed to, and destructive of, all links whatsoever from the most primitive (which I have suggested is a normal degree of projective identification) to the most sophisticated forms of verbal communication and the arts.
这篇论文的主要结论是有关于一种理智状态，在其中病人的心灵包含着一个内部客体，它反对，并且破坏所有的联结，从最为原始的（我提出这是正常程度的投射性认同）到最为精细的言语沟通和艺术形式。
In this state of mind emotion is hated; it is felt to be too powerful to be contained by the immature psyche, it is felt to link objects and it gives reality to objects which are not self and therefore inimical有敌意的 to primary narcissism.
在这种理智状态下，情绪是受到憎恨的；情绪被感觉过于强烈而无法由不成熟的心灵来容纳，它被感觉是在联结客体，并且它给不是自体的客体以现实，因此对原初是有敌意的。
The internal object which in its origin was an external breast that refused to introject内摄, harbour涵容, and so modify修正 the baneful force of emotion, is felt, paradoxically, to intensify, relative to the strength of the ego, the emotions against which it initiates the attacks. These attacks on the linking function of emotion lead to an overprominence in the psychotic part of the personality of links which appear to be logical, almost mathematical, but never emotionally reasonable. 死板的理性Consequently the links surviving are perverse违反常情的, cruel残忍的, and sterile枯燥乏味的.
这个内部客体最初是外部的，拒绝内摄、涵容，因而修正有害的情绪力量的乳房，被感觉为相对于自我的力量，反而增强了它对其施加攻击的情感。这些对于情感的联结功能的攻击，导致人格中精神病性部分的联结过于占据主导地位，这个联结好像是符合逻辑，几乎像数学一样精确，但在情感上永远都不是合理的。因此，存活下来的联结都是违反常情，残忍和枯燥乏味的。
The external object which is internalized, its nature, and the effect when so established on the methods of communication within the psyche and with the environment, are left for further elaboration later.
被内化的外部客体，它的本质，以及当在心灵内部以及与环境之间，在沟通的方式上这样的构建所产生的影响，将会留待今后讨论。
References
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(1956) 'Development of schizophrenic thought', International Journal of
Psycho-Analysis, 37, 344-6; also in Second Thoughts.
(1957) 'The differentiation of the psychotic from the non-psychotic personalities', International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 266-75; also in Second Thoughts and reprinted here on pp. 61-78.
(1957) 'On arrogance', International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 39: 144¬6; also in Second Thoughts.
Klein, M. (1928) 'Early stages of the Oedipus conflict' in The Writings of Melanie Klein, vol. 1, London, Hogarth Press (1975).
(1934) 'A contribution to the psycho-genesis of manic-depressive states',
13th International Psycho-Analytical Congress, 1934.
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(1957) Envy and gratitude, chap. II, in The Writings of Melanie Klein, vol.3, London, Hogarth Press (1975), 176-235.
Rosenfeld, H. (1952) 'Notes on the psychoanalysis of the superego conflict of an acute schizophrenic patient', International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 33, 111-31 and reprinted here on pp. 14-49.
Segal, H. (1950) 'Some aspects of the analysis of a schizophrenic', International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 31, 269-78; also in The Work of Hanna Segal, New York: Jason Aronson (1981) and the paperback London: Free Association Books (1986).
(1956) 'Depression in the schizophrenic', 'International Journal of Psycho¬Analysis', 37:339-43; also in The Work of Hanna Segal and reprinted here on pp. 52-60.
(1957) 'Notes on symbol formation', International Journal of Psycho¬Analysis, 38:391-7; also in The Work of Hanna Segal and reprinted here on pp. 160-77.
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